In adults, this mineral stimulates organism functioning. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme dr. Therefore, elimination of idd as a public health problem is an important health and social goal. The major challenge facing progress in research into the etiology of autism is the complex interplay between many factors environmental, genetic, social and their poorly understood effect on the function and development.
The iodine deficiency disorders idd encompass a spectrum of adverse health effects including goiter, cretinism, hypothyroidism, growth retardation, and increased pregnancy loss and infant mortality. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment worldwide. The thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodotyronine have iodine. It is the worlds most prevalent, yet easily preventable. Iodine supplementation can reduce the size of goiters caused by deficiency of iodine in pregnant women and very young children.
Iodine deficiency disorders it is a major nutrition problem in india and other neighbouring countries like bangladesh, bhutan, indonesia, nepal, sri lanka and thailand. Definition endemic goiter is a type of goiter that is. Questions assess your knowledge of related topics, such as a part of the human body thats dependent on. There has been a worldwide campaign to prevent iodine deficiency by using salt containing added iodine. Biological impact assessment study on salt iodisation programme in ghana jirapa and bongo sentinel districts. Today, the number of households estimated to be consuming iodized salt has jumped dramatically from 20 percent in 1990 to more than 70 percent. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme. The best way to prevent iodine deficiency is to consume foods rich in the nutrient. In adults, about 80% of the iodide absorbed is trapped by the thyroid gland. This causes iodine deficiency which gives rise to goiter socalled endemic goiter, as well as cretinism, which results in developmental delays and other. Both insufficient and excessive iodine intake can result in thyroid disease. Test your ability to determine what iodine deficiency is in this quiz and worksheet combo. It may result in metabolic problems such as goiter, sometimes as an endemic goiter as well as cretinism due to untreated congenital hypothyroidism, which results in developmental delays and other health problems.
Iodine deficiency disorders idd are the most important preventable cause of impaired development of the brain and subsequent mental retardation in the world. Iodine is an essential micronutrient and an integral component of the thyroid hormones, which are required for normal growth and development. Iodine deficiency is an important global health issue, especially for fertile and pregnant women. This in turn leads to deficiency of iodine in crops grown on iodine deficient soil with consequently low iodine in the diet for livestock and humans. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. In areas where marine food is not eaten, there is low iodine in the diet. The pyramid shows the visible effects of iodine deficiency disorders idd goitre and cretinism account only for 110% of these, whereas 90% of the effects remain hidden. Iodine deficiency an old epidemic is back psychology today.
Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects on growth and development, and is the most common cause of preventable intellectual disability in the world. Iodine deficiency disorders of thyroid gland slideshare. Iodine deficiency disorders idd control in india article pdf available in the indian journal of medical research 83. Deficiency of iodine may cause following disorders. Iodine supplements are available as well which you can take once you consult with your healthcare provider.
Iodine deficiency is the main cause of endemic goitre, but other dietary substances termed goitrogens that interfere with thyroid metabolism can aggravate the effect. This chapter provides a global overview of the disorders caused by iodine deficiency. The central council of health approved the policy of universal salt iodization usi. Special emphasis will be put on recent developments such as the role of iodine deficiency in the development of brain damage and mental retardation, assessment of the iodine status of a population and current worldwide epidemiological data, strategies for control and monitoring of the iodine. A consistent body of animal and human research shows that fluoride exposure worsens the impact of an iodine deficiency. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect.
When left untreated, iodine deficiency can lead to severe hypothyroidism. As a result, iodine deficiency disorders idds have been exceedingly common in most populations hetzel, 1989b. National health programmes related to child health. However, the longstanding goiters occurring due to iodine deficiency generally responds with a small shrinkage after the iodine supplementation, and the patients are at a considerable risk of developing hyperthyroidism. The social and economical benefits of idd eradication and the contribution their. Low iodine can contribute to an increased risk of both underactive and overactive thyroid. These effects are due to inadequate production of thyroid hormone and are termed iodinedeficiency disorders.
Iodine essential micronutrient required for synthesis of thyroid hormonst3 triiodothyronin and t4 thyroxine fetus and neonates protein metabolism in brain rda of iodine infants 50 mcg. These are conditions that arise due to a lack of necessary iodine levels in the body, and they can be cured by including healthy levels of iodine in ones diet. Iodine deficiency disorder idd has been identified all over the world with rd of the world population exposed to the risk of idd. Iodine deficiency disorders 1 iodine deficiency disorders. Continued national iodine monitoring is needed with more emphasis on population subgroups that are most susceptible to iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine deficiency has many adverse effects on growth and development. Iodine is the basic building block of the t3 and t4 hormones and thus an adequate iodine intake is essential for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. Definition endemic goiter is a type of goiter that is associated with dietary iodine deficiency iodine deficiency is a lack of the trace element iodine 3. Iodine nutritional disorders msd manual professional. This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution.
Iodine is sparsely distributed in the earths surface. An iodine deficiency is an issue that affects several million people around the world a nonfunctioning thyroid gland. The iodine deficiency disorders endotext ncbi bookshelf. Iodine deficiency might be contributing to the large increase in thyroid problems being seen clinically. Most environmental iodine occurs in seawater as iodide. This will lead to a reduction in the size of the goiter, but often the goiter will not completely resolve. Iodine deficiency disorders refer to a spectrum of health consequences resulting from inadequate intake of iodine.
Iodine required to produce thyroid hormones that control cell metabolism, neuromuscular tissue growth and. Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for normal thyroid function, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency simple english wikipedia, the free. National iodine deficiency disorders control progr iodine is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine t4 and triiodothyronine t3 and essential for the normal growth and development and well being of all humans. Iodine deficiency disorders idd refer to all of the consequences of iodine deficiency in a population that can be prevented by ensuring that the population has an adequate intake of iodine idds disease of soil. Global iodine deficiency disorders idd prevention day or world iodine deficiency day is observed every year on 21st october. Iodine deficiency disorders idd are linked to iodine deficient soil. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Pdf iodine deficiency disorders idd control in india.
Iodine deficiency is a lack of the trace element iodine, an essential nutrient in the diet. Mild iodine deficiency may still affect some people in the uk. Iodine is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine t4 and triiodothyronine t3 and essential for the normal growth and development and well being of all humans. The prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. Fluoride exposure aggravates the impact of iodine deficiency. It is a micronutrient and normally required around 100150 microgram for normal growth and development. Ppt iodine deficiency disorders powerpoint presentation. Iodine deficiency does not cause specific symptoms, but common problems. On a massive scale, salt and bread have been fortified with iodine. Proceedings for the national workshop on iodine deficiency disorders in ghana. Autism spectrum disorder has no single known cause. About national iodine deficiency disorders control program part b.
Idds include endemic goiter hypothyroidism cretinism. When severe iodine deficiency occurs during pregnancy, it is associated with fetal hypothyroidism, mental impairment, and increased neonatal. Iodine deficiency is when there is not enough iodine in the body. Millions are at risk, both globally and in the eastern mediterranean region. Sometimes, the thyroid gland doesnt work correctly from birth. Thus, people living far from the sea and at higher altitudes are at particular risk of iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment. If you get one of these symptoms, its always better to test for iodine deficiency disorders. Due to glaciations, flooding, rivers changing course and deforestation the iodine present in top soil is constantly leached. Iodine deficiency iodine deficiency disorders idd most preventable cause of mental retardation in the world keith p.
Part a about national iodine deficiency disorders control program. Iodine is necessary for the proper development of nerve, muscle and bone systems of a fetus and newborn, and its deficiency can lead to serious physical and mental disorders. Population effects of severe iodine deficiency, termed iodine deficiency disorders idds, include endemic goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, decreased fertility rate, increased infant mortality, and mental retardation. Thyroid hormone regulates basic metabolism energy consumption, cellular activity, growth and in particular brain development. Iodine is an element that directly affects thyroid gland secretions, which themselves to a great extent control heart action, nerve response to stimuli, rate of body growth, and metabolism iodine is essential for normal thyroid hormone production and can be obtained only from the diet. Ppt thyroid disorders powerpoint presentation free to. Iodine deficiency can lead to a variety of health and developmental consequences known as iodine deficiency disorders.
Hypothyroidism slow, cold, sluggish brain function, short stature, mental and motor. National iodine deficiency disorders control progr. Goitre and cretinism were only found in significant extent in himalaya goitre belt which is the worlds biggest goitre belt. Iodine deficiency disorders iodine is an essential component in thyroid hormone production thyroid hormone regulates basic metabolism. These disorders were highly prevalent in the united states prior to the introduction of. Idds population effects of severe iodine deficiency disorders termed idds. Iodine deficiency disorders refer to a spectrum of health consequences resulting. The term iodine deficiency disorders refers to all of the consequences of iodine deficiency, which depend on its severity and the age of the affected subject.
Iodine is an essential component in thyroid hormone production. The high global prevalence of iodine deficiency and autoimmune thyroid disorders and the mental and physical consequences of these disorders creates a huge human and economic burden that can be. However, iodine deficiency is still a widespread problem in many countries. Severe iodine deficiency results in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis andor thyroid enlargement goiter. Iodine deficiency disorder endemicdiffuse goiter 329. The adverse consequences of iodine deficiency lead to a wide spectrum of problems ranging from abortion and still birth to mental and physical retardation and deafness, which collectively known as iodine deficiency disorders idds. Action iodine deficiency disorders control programme. Iodine deficiency in pregnant women may cause problems for the baby, including learning disability. Research has found that if the body suffers from iodine deficiency, it may lead to mental retardation. Iodine is an essential mineral for the survival and sustenance of the human body, and a lack of iodine in the diet can lead to many iodine deficiency disorders idd. Iodine deficiency, condition in which iodine is insufficient or is not utilized properly. Autism spectrum disorders asd and iodine deficiency disorders idds are both global health problems.
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